Monday, May 1, 2023

Carbon emissions due to cement manufacturing and its use.

Cement production is a significant contributor to global carbon emissions, as it requires high temperatures to produce and releases carbon dioxide during the process. 

However, there are several ways to reduce the pollution caused by cement use:

1. Use alternative materials: Researchers are exploring the use of alternative materials, such as fly ash, blast furnace slag, and rice husk ash, to partially replace cement in concrete mixtures. These materials have lower carbon footprints and can help reduce the amount of cement needed in construction.

2. Use low-carbon cement: Cement manufacturers are developing new types of low-carbon cement that use alternative fuels and raw materials to reduce carbon emissions during production.

3. Recycle concrete: Instead of demolishing concrete structures and sending the debris to landfills, the material can be crushed and reused as aggregate in new concrete mixtures. This reduces the amount of cement needed in construction and reduces waste.
4. Optimize mix design: Engineers can optimize the mix design of concrete to reduce the amount of cement needed without sacrificing strength and durability. This can be achieved by using higher-quality aggregates, adding pozzolanic materials, and adjusting the water-to-cement ratio.
5. Use carbon capture technology: Carbon capture technology can be used to capture carbon dioxide emissions from cement production and store them underground or repurpose them in other applications.



By implementing these strategies, we can reduce the pollution caused by cement use and move towards a more sustainable construction industry.

Wednesday, January 25, 2023

Precast paving block terminology // concrete patio blocks

In this article we will discuss terminology about precast paving blocks. 

simply, Your question about paving block, "what is mean by.....?" will be end here. 

 In recent years paving blocks is getting widely used to complete the finishing works of many building sites as earlier as possible. paving blocks is used to prepare jogging tracks, walkways, parking spaces, footpaths etc. 

In this article we will discuss about terminology about precast paving blocks. 

simply, Your question about paving block, "what is mean by.....?" will be end here. 

👉Actual Dimension — Measured dimensions of a paver block.

👉Arris — Part of a block where two faces meet which can be bevelled, rounded, chamfered, or splayed,

👉Aspect Ratio — The ratio of length to thickness of a paver block.

👉Backing Layer — Layer of concrete on the lower face of a two-layer paver block, made of material same as or different from that used in the wearing ”layer of the block.

👉Bed Face — That surface of a paver block which, when paved, comes in direct contact with the bedding material.

👉Chamfer — Bevelled arris.

👉Chased Side Face — The side face of a paver block, having a recessed profile.

👉Colour Appearance of a paver block due to pigment used in concrete, other than natural cement colour.

👉Complementary Product -A pre-cast usually of the shape of part ‘of a block, used for fitting into gaps remaining in a block-paved area, for complete coverage of paved surface.

👉Draw — Intended angle of the side face from the vertical plane over the full height of a paver block

👉Efflorescence — White deposit formed on paver blocks due to diffusion of calcium hydroxide (solution slaked lime) present in cement, together with various dissolved salts, onto the external surface.

👉False Joints/Grooves — Regularly shaped depressions on the wearing layer of a paver block.

👉Format — Work dimensions of a paver block, specified in the order of overall length, overall width and thickness.

👉Interlocking Mechanism — The mechanism which allows adjacently paved blocks to key into one another and facilitates the sharing of shear, bending and thrust forces between adjacent blocks in a paved system.

👉 Interlocking/Dentated/Inter-connected Paver Blocks — Paver blocks which key into one another on some or all vertical faces, when paved in any pattern.

👉Length— Shortest distance between farthest opposite vertical faces of a parallelepiped enclosing a paver block, excluding the dimensions due to any spacer nibs.

👉Overall Length — The longer side of a rectangle with the smallest area enclosing a paver block, excluding any spacer nibs.

👉Overall Width — Shorter side of a rectangle with the smallest area enclosing a paver block, excluding any spacer nibs.

👉Plan Area — Horizontal area bounded by the vertical faces of a paver block, excluding the area due to any spacer nibs. 

👉 Paver Block — Solid, un-reinforced pre-cast cement concrete paving units used in the surface course of pavements, with minimum horizontal cross-section of 50mm from any edge in any direction, having aspect ratio not more than four, except for complementary products.

👉Pigment — Synthetic or natural colouring agents used in the-concrete mix to produce coloured paver blocks.

👉Secondary Processing — Manufacturing process to texture the upper face of a paver block, executed before or after hardening of manufactured block.

👉 Side Face — That face of a paver block which is generally in the vertical direction when paved and which faces adjacent block.

👉Skid -Resistance — Resistance to relative movement between a vehicle tyre and the trafficked surface of a-pavement.

👉Slip Resistance — Ability to resist relative movement between a pedestrian foot and the trafficked surface of a pavement.

👉Spacer Nibs — Small protruding profiles on the vertical face of a paver block used as a device for keeping minimum joint gap while paving blocks.

👉Squareness — Normally between the vertical faces of a paver block and the horizontal wearing surface, and parallelism between wearing surface and lower horizontal surface.

👉Surface Relief — Regularly shaped protrusions on the wearing surface of a paver block.

👉Surface Texture — Microscopic and macroscopic features of the wearing face of a paver block.

👉Thickness — Vertical distance between the upper face and bed face of a paver block.

👉Wearing Layer — Layer of concrete or mortar on the upper face of a two-layer paver block, made of material same as or different from that used in the backing layer of the block.

👉Wearing Face — That surface of a paver block which, when paved, faces the atmosphere and which is directly subjected to loading and movement of vehicle tyres or pedestrian traffic.

👉Wearing Face Area — Horizontal area bounded by the vertical faces of a paver Mock, minus the area reduced due to the presence of arris.

👉Width — Shortest distance between nearest opposite vertical faces or corners of a paver block.

👉Wipe — Fine cement mortar slurry applied to the upper face of a paver block or supplementary product.

👉Work Dimension — Any dimension of a paver block specified for its manufacture, to which the actual dimension should conform, within specified permissible tolerances.

Keywords-patio, Precast, paving, block, terminology, concrete, concrete block edging, turfstone pavers, garden block edging, concrete brick pavers, block paving bricks

If you liked this blog, Please share this with your friends to increase there knowledge.  


Saturday, December 31, 2022

Online Skill Development Program on " CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT (CPM) & REVIT BY Kakatiya Institute of Technology and Science

Hello friends,
  Today I am here to inform you about very interesting opportunity to civil engineering students.
* How to develop software skills? *

Kakatiya Institute of Technology and Science,


It is an great opportunities to students of civil engineering from all over the world to sharpen their civil engineering related software skill by this One week Skill Development Program organized by Department of civil engineering  of  Kakatiya Institute of Technology and Science.

In recent years, all the students have knowledge but every single extra knowledge with you will make you different from crowd.
That's why this type of  programs is being very much important.
The details of the event are as per below-
Online Skill Development Program on " CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT (CPM) & REVIT

This Program is for 
The innovative and curious minds of - 
                                              civil engineering professionals 
                                                               students
                                                      faculty community

 
Key Points of Program-
advances in 
 software skills
    modelling 
simulation
 project management  techniques
drafting

Day and Date-
from 7 - 11 January, 2023


REGISTRATION FEE : ₹1100/-


If you found this blog is helpful then do share this with all your friends and faculty. 
Also read my others blogs as per your interested labels available on your right hand side. and also at the bottom side. 
👍 Keep learning with me.
  Thank you all. 
Blogger Name- ER. Pravin Prakash Kadam. 

*Skills for civil Engineer*

Tuesday, December 13, 2022

How to use Citation machines 👇# Goggle citation # reference machine #

 Are you hearing about citation machine first time?

Don't worry  I will clear your doubts. 

Whenever  we prepaire any research  paper or research work report for college. We are advised to give the references of our relevant literature  referred during research work. 

This reference making is very boaring work. 

Here I will give you  very easy method  hence this boaring work will change in interesting work.

So lets start.

1. Type citation machine on google or any other browser. 

2. Sign up  using your Google account  

It is only for keeping your citation history for future use and it's safe.



3.  After sign up create citation list and fill up necessary information.


4. After creating citation list click on citation list and then click on create citation. 


5. After clicking create citation-
     If you are citing a book then click on book,
     If you are citing website then click on website.
     If you are citing journal then click on journal #Paper citation#

6. After selection from last step for citing a work "enter DOI of journal which you want to cite"

7. After clicking search, you will  get your required research  document. 

If it is correct then click on cite to make citation.

After that you will see the review  information  of journal then you  have to continue.


8. After continuing  you will  see that your cited paper is added in your citation list. 

As like following  above steps I am sure that you  can cite different papers for your  research easily. 

*Google account*

In next part of this blog I will share you , 
How to get word format of your citation list,
Hence you  did not require to type reference  in your research report. 

share this with your friends. 
Thank you , 
See you  again,


Keywords- cite machine, citation machine, make citation, citation google, paper citation, reference machine


Saturday, April 23, 2022

Part-2 How to ✔️check / Check list ❌for new flat (Ready possession ) ?

     As per the part one of checklist I will here discuss about some points need to be checked while purchasing any construction property like Flat, bungalow, or any other constructed property. 

If tou have not visited 1st part of this checklist, must visit I am sure that it will improve your knowledge definitle.

To visit Part 1 Use link - https://engineerpravinkadam.blogspot.com/2022/02/how-to-check-check-list-for-new-flat.html 

For the items mentioned, your answer should be ✔️ or ❌.

Sections - 1.Plumbing and Sanitation:

1. Are all pipes properly fixed?  ✔️

2. Are there any leakages outside? ❌

3. Are all taps, valves, showers, wash basins, sinks, tubs,
geysers, etc., working properly. ✔️

4.is there any choking/leakage?   ❌

4. Are all flushing cisterns and valves working properly? ✔️

5. Are all WC Pans, wash basins and sinks free of cracks/breakages? ✔️

Sections - 2. Electrical

1. Are the following items working properly?

(a) Switches✔️

(b) Plug points✔️ 

(c) Fan points✔️

(d) AC points ✔️ 

(e) Fridge points✔️

(0) Bells (Geysers✔️

(h) Exhaust fan points✔️

(i) Main switch (i) Meters.✔️

2. Are all fuses wired properly?✔️

3. Is the earthing connection tested?✔️

4. Is initial reading of meter noted?✔️


Sections - 3.  Building Exterior and Compound:

1. Is the building, chhajjas, terraces, lofts, and compound cleaned of debris?✔️

2. Is the approach road, laid properly? ✔️

3. Do the compound wall and gate ensure security? ✔️

4. Is the building painted properly?✔️

5. Is the compound finishing completed? ✔️

6. Is the compound, staircase, terrace, passage and common area well lit up?✔️

Sections - General:

1. Is the lift working properly?✔️

 2. Are the steps and staircases provided properly?✔️

3. Is the entrance hall cleaned well?✔️

 4. Are the water pumps in working order?✔️

5. Are the overhead and underground tanks free of leakages and cleaned?
6. Is there sufficient green area?✔️


To get update for my new blogs about construction and civil engineering follow me and share this with your loving ones.✍️✍️Your comments gives me boost to explore more.

Saturday, February 19, 2022

How to ✔️check / Check list ❌for new flat (Ready passession ) ?

      In India house is not only a structure made with walls and roofs its a bundle of emotions. and for that reason during buying house this points need to be varify.

In the recent days flat system🏬 is going to be very much popular and due to that demand for flat is increasing day by day.

      But due lack of knowledge about construction, 🏗️flat buyers get confused *

How to check the quality of construction of that flat or building* Checklist for new apartment*  

           ✔️To reduce the loss of buyers we are providing here *Checklist for flat possession* ✔️✔️

For the items mentioned, your answer should be ✔️ or ❌.

A. Sections -

I. Walls:

1. Are there any cracks in walls? ❌

2. Are there any signs of dampness/leakage on walls? ❌

3. Is walls are in vertical plain. ✔️

4. Are all Walls examined? ✔️


II. Tiling:

1. Are there any Cracks in the flooring? ❌

2. Is there any settlement in floors? ❌

3. Is the floor laid to proper slope? ✔️

4. Is the floor properly finished, polished and cleaned? ✔️

5. Are the joints filled properly? ✔️

6. Are all floors/dado examined? ✔️

7. Is the kitchen platform finished properly? ✔️

8. Is the base material tile is properly places.✔️

9. Is tile fitting is solid.✔️

III Terrace/Roof

1. Are there any cracks on the terrace? ❌

 2. Are any leaks visible?  ❌

3. Has the waterproofing treatment been laid to proper slope and correctly? ✔️

4. Are Rainwater pipes/spouts properly fitted and free of choking? ✔️

 5. Have all roofs and ceiling examined?✔️


IV. Doors and Windows:

1. Are all doors/windows opening and closing smoothly?  ✔️

2. Are all doors/windows properly painted/polished? ✔️

3. Are all fittings like locks, tower bolts, stoppers, hinges, etc. working smoothly? ✔️

4. Are all glass panes properly fitted, cleaned and crack free? ✔️

 5. Have you received all the keys? ✔️


V. Finishing:

1. Are all rooms properly painted?✔️

2. Is the main door polished well?✔️

3. Are there any cracks visible? ❌

4. Is there any gap anywhere? ❌

           This is the only one part of check list. I will add second part in part 2 of this blog. To get update for new part and my new blogs about construction and civil engineering follow me and share this with your loving ones.✍️✍️Your comments gives me boost to explore more.

Friday, December 10, 2021

💡TIPS FOR SAVING TIME & 💰MONEY DURING CONSTRUCTION 🕐 Part 1

Welcome back friends, 

We all know that house construction is the very much interesting and important topic of everyone's life, or we can also say like it is the very much important dream in every ones life.

 House construction is also a time consuming or huge investment task some time or if we don't have as much required knowledge about it,

so today we are going to discuss about some basic and important tips that we can use during house construction to save our valuable time and money.

So lets start,

👉Understand the present and future needs of your family.

 Generally house is the place where we spend most of the important and pretty time with our family. Means our family is the prime user of the house so before planning any house we must consider present or future needs of our family, means if a family having two Childs so as per the future requirements we need to design our house with two seprate rooms for each of them.



👉Ensure that the construction plan, working drawings and the estimated costs are in place before starting construction.
   "A good start and a good end is most important" so before starting any construction activity we must have proper plan of building in hand with all the required drawings and a faire estimated cost, because we generally observe that many house constructions stop suddenly or go slower than their scheduled time due to some any changes in drawing or facing financial problems. so before starting actual activity we need to sort out this all issues as much as possible.

👉Use local available materials.
         Transportation is being very much expensive now a days so we can save lots of money by using locally available materials. if we use locally available material we can order it at any time and within very much short duration it can arrive at our construction site hence we can reduce chances of stopping work due to material shortage.


👉Make sure there is maximum natural light and air in all rooms By providing proper ventilation and windows.

   Not all the time artificial light or brightness is good Sometimes natural light play very good role in respect with artificial light. Natural light kills some types of bacteria and prevents fungi production due to moisture. Here is very major role is of your engineer because he can decide where and how much windows are required. Windows and doors are also need to design by considering function of room.


If you want more and more practical knowledge about construction and wanted to be a knowledgeable person in construction *Do follow my blogs👉* also read my other blogs, 

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