Friday, January 17, 2025

Hollywood City Fire: Lessons for the Construction Industry

 

When Stars Burn Bright, But the City Burns Brighter

Hollywood—the glitzy heart of America’s entertainment industry. It’s where celebrities like Leonardo DiCaprio, Jennifer Aniston, and Brad Pitt reside, where dreams come alive, and where movies transport us to other worlds. But behind the glamour lies a reality that has shaken not just the city but the world: the recent Hollywood City Fire.

This devastating event has left scars on the iconic city, destroyed homes, and threatened the lives of countless residents. While the headlines focus on the damage and rescue efforts, as construction professionals, we need to reflect on what this catastrophe teaches us about building resilient infrastructure.


Construction Insights from the Hollywood Fire

1. The Importance of Fire-Resistant Materials

Many of the structures in Hollywood, especially older celebrity homes, were built before fire-resistant materials became standard. Materials like untreated wood, which is highly flammable, can exacerbate the spread of fire. As we rebuild, the construction industry must prioritize materials like:

  • Fire-rated gypsum board.

  • Treated timber.

  • Concrete and steel framing.

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2. The Role of Landscaping in Fire Prevention

Celebrities like Reese Witherspoon and Chris Hemsworth have sprawling properties with lush landscapes. While beautiful, improperly managed vegetation can act as a fire conduit. As builders, we should advocate for "defensible space landscaping," which includes:

  • Planting fire-resistant shrubs.

  • Keeping trees trimmed and away from structures.

  • Installing gravel or fire-resistant mulch.

Amazon Product Suggestion: Fire-Resistant Outdoor Mulch    

3. Smart Construction Technology

With stars like Elon Musk championing innovative solutions, it's time to incorporate smart technology into construction to detect and prevent fires. Tools like heat sensors, automatic sprinklers, and fire alarms can significantly reduce damage.

Amazon Product Suggestion: Smart Fire Alarm System


Celebrity Homes in the Spotlight

The Hollywood Fire has not spared anyone, with homes of stars like Miley Cyrus and Gerard Butler being affected. These high-profile cases highlight the importance of:

  • Building codes compliance: Ensuring all homes meet modern fire safety standards.

  • Community-level planning: Using shared fire barriers or neighborhood-wide sprinkler systems to protect multiple properties at once.


What Can You Do as a Construction Professional?

Retrofitting Older Structures

Older buildings are most at risk. If you’re involved in renovation projects, consider retrofitting:

Educating Clients

Builders and contractors must educate clients—whether they’re homeowners or commercial property developers—about the importance of investing in fire-resistant designs.

Sustainable Building Practices

With climate change increasing the frequency of wildfires, sustainability is no longer optional. Use renewable, non-flammable materials that not only resist fires but also reduce carbon footprints.

Amazon Product Suggestion: Solar-Powered Fire Detectors


Hollywood Fire: A Wake-Up Call for Us All

This tragic event has shown us that even the most luxurious homes of Hollywood’s elite are not immune to the forces of nature. As we rebuild Hollywood, let’s rebuild smarter. Let’s prioritize safety, sustainability, and resilience.

So, the next time you marvel at the glitz of Hollywood, remember: behind every star-studded mansion, there’s an opportunity for the construction industry to shine brighter—not just in design but in safety.


Call to Action

Let’s spark a conversation about how construction can evolve to meet the challenges of an ever-changing world. Share your thoughts in the comments below.

If you’re passionate about construction innovations and techniques, subscribe to my YouTube Channel for insightful videos and tutorials.

Also, check out these essential fire-prevention products for your next project:

Together, let’s build a safer future—brick by brick.

Monday, December 23, 2024

Revolutionizing Construction with Dusty Robotics: The Future of On-Site Layout Printing

 The construction industry is rapidly evolving, and innovations like Dusty Robotics are at the forefront of this transformation. Imagine a compact, toy-like machine capable of printing precise 2D layouts directly on concrete slabs at job sites. This revolutionary technology is changing the way we approach construction layout tasks, improving efficiency, accuracy, and trade coordination.

What is Dusty Robotics?

Dusty Robotics' FieldPrinter is an advanced robotic system designed to bring 3D digital plans to life by printing their 2D layouts onto construction site floors. This remarkable device eliminates the need for manual chalk-line layouts, reducing human errors and saving significant time during the project.

The FieldPrinter can:

  • Print hanger points and pipe/duct configurations

  • Mark building column positions and structural elements

  • Handle various surfaces with precision

Other Cutting-Edge Robotic Layout Devices

In modern construction, several compact robotic devices automate the layout process by marking building column positions and other structural elements directly onto the ground. Notable examples include:

  1. Dusty Robotics' FieldPrinter

    • The FieldPrinter translates digital models into physical layouts by printing them directly onto the job site floor. This automation enhances accuracy and efficiency in construction layout tasks. (Source: Dusty Robotics)

  2. HP SitePrint

    • HP's SitePrint is a three-wheeled robot that prints 2D plans onto construction site floors. It replaces manual layout methods, offering increased speed and precision. (Source: AEC Magazine)

  3. August Robotics' Lionel

    • Lionel is a robot that autonomously marks layouts on floors based on provided plans. It operates indoors and outdoors, handling various surfaces and marking lines, points, letters, numbers, and custom marks with high accuracy. (Source: August Robotics)

These robots streamline the construction layout process, reducing manual labor and minimizing errors.

How Does Dusty Robotics Enhance Construction?

Our CAD surveying team recently started testing Dusty Robotics to streamline field processes. By printing layouts directly onto concrete slabs, the system ensures:

  1. Accurate Installation: Hanger points, pipe routes, and duct configurations are marked with unparalleled precision.

  2. Improved Coordination: We collaborate with general contractors to print layouts for other trades, fostering better on-site coordination.

  3. Enhanced Efficiency: The robotic layout saves time and effort compared to traditional manual methods, accelerating project timelines.

Experience Dusty Robotics in Action

We’ve shared a hands-on demonstration of this cutting-edge technology on our YouTube channel. Watch the video to see how Dusty Robotics is revolutionizing construction practices:

ЁЯОе Watch the video here: Dusty Robotics On-Site Layout Printing Demo

Join the Innovation Journey

If you’re as excited about construction technology as we are, don’t forget to subscribe to our channel for more insights and updates:

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Why This Matters

Innovations like Dusty Robotics are paving the way for a smarter and more efficient construction process. By integrating robotics and automation, the industry is moving towards minimizing delays, reducing costs, and achieving greater accuracy in every project phase.

Stay tuned as we continue to explore and embrace the latest construction technologies. Together, let’s build the future!

Thursday, December 19, 2024

Explore ISRO's START-2025: A Gateway to the Future of Space and Tech Careers

 Explore ISRO's START-2025: A Gateway to the Future of Space and Tech Careers

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is once again opening doors to aspiring techies with its START-2025: Space Science and Technology Awareness Training Programme. Designed for final-year undergraduate and postgraduate students in physical sciences and technology, this three-week online programme offers an extraordinary chance to delve into the fascinating world of space science and technology.

As a civil engineering enthusiast, you may wonder how this connects to your field. The truth is, space science and civil engineering share a common foundation in problem-solving, innovative design, and cutting-edge technology. START-2025 can inspire civil engineering professionals and students alike to dream bigger, exploring how advancements in technology, like AI and robotics, can transform industries like construction.

Why You Should Consider START-2025

  1. Hands-On Learning
    Engage in interactive sessions with ISRO professionals and national experts. Learn about advancements in space technology, AI, machine learning, and robotics—fields shaping the future.

  2. Networking Opportunities
    Build valuable connections with space science and tech professionals, opening doors to collaborations and career opportunities in tech-driven sectors.

  3. Skill Development for the Future
    Gain knowledge that’s not just limited to space but is transferable across industries, including construction, data science, and cybersecurity.

  4. Bridging Technology with Your Field
    Civil engineers can draw inspiration from advancements in space technology to create innovative solutions for real-world challenges like sustainable construction and smart city planning.

How to Register

Eligible academic institutes can register for the programme on the official START portal: jigyasa.iirs.gov.in/START. The last date for registration is 31 December 2024. Don’t miss this opportunity to enhance your technical knowledge and explore the intersection of technology and space exploration.


How This Relates to Civil Engineering

As a civil engineering student or professional, START-2025 can inspire you to incorporate technology into your projects. Imagine designing smart buildings, earthquake-resistant structures, or sustainable urban spaces using AI and robotics. Programmes like START fuel innovation, bridging the gap between traditional methods and cutting-edge technology.


Call to Action

ЁЯУМ Love learning? Let’s stay connected!
If you found this blog helpful, share it with your classmates and friends to spread the word about this amazing opportunity.

For more educational content related to civil engineering, check out my YouTube channel, where I post daily videos on practical training, construction techniques, and modern engineering methods.

ЁЯФЧ Subscribe now! Click here

Your subscription motivates me to create more valuable content and guides you toward a brighter future in civil engineering.

Let’s explore the world of technology and engineering together! Subscribe today and take the first step toward becoming a tech-savvy civil engineer. 

Monday, December 2, 2024

A Clash of Cultures: Australian vs. Indian Construction

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The construction industry is a global behemoth, shaping cities and landscapes worldwide. However, the cultural nuances that underpin construction practices vary significantly from country to country. In this blog, we'll delve into the contrasting worlds of Australian and Indian construction cultures, highlighting their unique approaches, challenges, and opportunities.

Australian Construction Culture

Key Characteristics:

  • Safety First: Australian construction sites are renowned for their stringent safety protocols. Safety gear is mandatory, and workers are trained to prioritize safety over productivity.
  • Unionized Workforce: Unions play a vital role in Australian construction, advocating for workers' rights and negotiating fair wages and working conditions.
  • Quality and Precision: Australian construction projects are synonymous with high-quality standards. Attention to detail is paramount, and projects are meticulously planned and executed.
  • Technological Adoption: The Australian construction industry is quick to embrace new technologies, from advanced construction machinery to building information modeling (BIM).
  • Work-Life Balance: Australians value a healthy work-life balance. Overtime is often discouraged, and workers are encouraged to take breaks and holidays.

Indian Construction Culture

Key Characteristics:

  • Labor-Intensive: Indian construction relies heavily on manual labor, with a significant portion of the workforce consisting of unskilled or semi-skilled workers.
  • Rapid Pace: The Indian construction industry is characterized by its fast-paced nature. Projects are often completed in record time to meet the country's growing infrastructure needs.
  • Cost-Consciousness: Cost-effectiveness is a major concern in Indian construction. Contractors often seek innovative ways to reduce costs without compromising quality.
  • Adaptability: Indian construction workers are skilled at adapting to challenging conditions, including extreme weather and limited resources.
  • Cultural Significance: Construction in India is often intertwined with cultural and religious beliefs. Traditional construction techniques and materials are still used in some regions.

Bridging the Gap

While Australian and Indian construction cultures may seem worlds apart, there are opportunities for cross-cultural learning and collaboration. By understanding the strengths and weaknesses of each approach, both countries can benefit from a more holistic and efficient construction industry.

Some potential areas of collaboration include:

  • Technology Transfer: Sharing knowledge and expertise in areas like BIM and automation.
  • Skill Development: Training Indian workers in Australian safety standards and quality control practices.
  • Sustainable Construction: Collaborating on eco-friendly building materials and energy-efficient designs.
  • Joint Ventures: Forming partnerships to undertake large-scale infrastructure projects.

By fostering a deeper understanding of each other's construction cultures, Australia and India can work together to build a more sustainable, efficient, and equitable future.

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Drones and Remote Sensing: Taking Civil Engineering to New Heights

The world of civil engineering is constantly evolving, embracing new technologies to improve efficiency, safety, and accuracy. One such innovation that's rapidly changing the game is the integration of drones and remote sensing.

These flying marvels, equipped with powerful sensors, are transforming the way we approach various aspects of civil engineering projects.

What are Drones and Remote Sensing?

Drones, also known as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), are remotely controlled aircrafts. They can be equipped with a variety of sensors, including high-resolution cameras, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), and thermal imaging systems.

Remote sensing is the process of gathering information about an object or area from a distance. When used with drones, it allows us to collect detailed data without physically setting foot on the site.

Benefits of Drones and Remote Sensing in Civil Engineering:

  • Improved Surveying and Mapping: Drones can capture vast swathes of land quickly and accurately, generating detailed 3D models and topographic maps. This reduces the time and manpower needed for traditional surveying methods.

  • Enhanced Inspection Capabilities: Hard-to-reach areas like bridge decks, high-rise buildings, and underground pipelines can be easily inspected using drones. This not only improves safety by eliminating the need for risky maneuvers but also allows for early detection of potential problems.

  • Efficient Construction Monitoring: Track construction progress, identify deviations from plans, and optimize material usage. Drones provide real-time data and aerial images, enabling better decision-making throughout the project lifecycle.

  • Volume Measurements: Drones equipped with LiDAR can accurately measure stockpiles of materials like soil, sand, and aggregates. This eliminates the need for manual measurements, leading to improved project cost estimation.

  • Environmental Monitoring: Drones can be used to monitor environmental impact assessments, track deforestation, and map soil conditions. This helps civil engineers design sustainable and eco-friendly projects.

Learning More: Er. Pravin Kadam's YouTube Channel

For a deeper dive into construction techniques and the practical applications of drones in civil engineering, head over to Er. Pravin Kadam's YouTube channel!

Er. Kadam's channel focuses on providing valuable information and insights specifically for civil engineers. Subscribe today to stay updated on the latest advancements and explore how drones and remote sensing are shaping the future of civil engineering: Subscribe Here

The Future of Drones in Civil Engineering

As drone technology continues to evolve, their integration into civil engineering projects will become even more seamless. We can expect advancements in sensor capabilities, autonomous flight patterns, and data processing software. This will further enhance project efficiency, safety, and cost-effectiveness, propelling the industry towards a more data-driven and innovative future.

So, are you ready to take your civil engineering skills to new heights with drones and remote sensing?

Wednesday, November 27, 2024

рдмाрд░ рдмेंрдбिंрдЧ рд╢ेрдб्рдпूрд▓ (Bar Bending Schedule) рдЪे рдоूрд▓рднूрдд рд╕ूрдд्рд░े рдЖрдгि рдд्рдпाрдЪा рд╡ाрдкрд░/ Important formula

 

рдмाрд░ рдмेंрдбिंрдЧ рд╢ेрдб्рдпूрд▓ (BBS) рдЪे рдоूрд▓рднूрдд рд╕ूрдд्рд░े рдЖрдгि рдд्рдпाрдЪा рд╡ाрдкрд░

рдмाрд░ рдмेंрдбिंрдЧ рд╢ेрдб्рдпूрд▓ рдо्рд╣рдгрдЬे рд▓ोрдЦंрдбी рдмाрд░्рд╕рдЪी рд▓ांрдмी, рдЖрдХाрд░, рд╡рдЬрди рдЖрдгि рдд्рдпांрдЪा рдк्рд░рдХाрд░ рдпाрдЪी рд╕ूрдЪी рддрдпाрд░ рдХрд░рдг्рдпाрдЪी рдПрдХ рдкрдж्рдзрдд. рдпाрдоुрд│े рд╕्рдЯ्рд░рдХ्рдЪрд░рд▓ рдХॉрдо्рдкोрдирди्рдЯрдордз्рдпे рд▓ाрдЧрдгाрд▒्рдпा рд╕्рдЯीрд▓рдЪं рдЕрдЪूрдХ рдк्рд░рдоाрдг рдЖрдгि рдд्рдпाрдЪी рдЖрд╡рд╢्рдпрдХрддा рд╕ोрдк्рдпा рдкрдж्рдзрддीрдиे рд╕рдордЬрддे. рдмाрд░ рдмेंрдбिंрдЧ рд╢ेрдб्рдпूрд▓ рдмांрдзрдХाрдо рдХ्рд╖ेрдд्рд░ाрддीрд▓ рдорд╣рдд्рдд्рд╡ाрдЪा рднाрдЧ рдЖрд╣े, рдЬो рд╡ेрд│ рдЖрдгि рдЦрд░्рдЪ рд╡ाрдЪрд╡рдг्рдпाрд╕ाрдаी рдЕрдд्рдпंрдд рдЙрдкрдпुрдХ्рдд рдард░рддो.

рдЪрд▓ा рддрд░ рдордЧ, рдмाрд░ рдмेंрдбिंрдЧ рд╢ेрдб्рдпूрд▓ рддрдпाрд░ рдХрд░рдг्рдпाрд╕ाрдаी рд▓ाрдЧрдгाрд▒्рдпा рдХाрд╣ी рдоूрд▓рднूрдд рд╕ूрдд्рд░ांрд╡рд░ рдПрдХ рдирдЬрд░ рдЯाрдХूрдпा.


1. рдмाрд░рдЪी рд▓ांрдмी рдоोрдЬрдг्рдпाрдЪे рд╕ूрдд्рд░ (Length of Bar)

рдмाрд░рдЪ्рдпा рд▓ांрдмीрдЪे рдЧрдгिрдд рд╣े рд░ेрдЦाрдЯрдиाрдордз्рдпे рджिрд▓ेрд▓्рдпा рдоोрдЬрдоाрдкांрд╡рд░ рдЖрдзाрд░िрдд рдЕрд╕рддे.

L = (Clear Span) + (Development Length) + (Hook Length)

  • Clear Span: рдо्рд╣рдгрдЬे рдоुрдЦ्рдп рдХॉрдо्рдкोрдирди्рдЯрдордзीрд▓ рдоोрдХрд│े рдЕंрддрд░.
  • Development Length (Ld): рдмाрд░рдЪा рдордЬрдмूрдд рдзрд░ूрди рдаेрд╡рдг्рдпाрд╕ाрдаी рд▓ाрдЧрдгाрд░ी рд▓ांрдмी.
  • Hook Length: рдмाрд░рдЪ्рдпा рдЯोрдХाрд▓ा рддрдпाрд░ рдХेрд▓ेрд▓्рдпा рд╣ुрдХрдЪी рд▓ांрдмी.

2. рд╡рдЬрдиे рдоोрдЬрдг्рдпाрд╕ाрдаी рд╕ूрдд्рд░ (Weight of Bar)

рдмाрд░рдЪ्рдпा рд╡рдЬрдиाрд╕ाрдаी рдПрдХ рд╕ाрдзे рд╕ूрдд्рд░ рд╡ाрдкрд░рд▓े рдЬाрддे:

W = (D²/162) × L

  • W: рдмाрд░рдЪे рд╡рдЬрди (рдХिрд▓ोрдордз्рдпे)
  • D: рдмाрд░рдЪा рд╡्рдпाрд╕ (рдоिрдоीрдордз्рдпे)
  • L: рдмाрд░рдЪी рд▓ांрдмी (рдоीрдЯрд░рдордз्рдпे)

рдЙрджाрд╣рд░рдг:

рдЬрд░ 12 рдоिрдоी рд╡्рдпाрд╕ाрдЪा рдЖрдгि 6 рдоीрдЯрд░ рд▓ांрдмीрдЪा рдмाрд░ рдЕрд╕ेрд▓, рддрд░:

W = (12²/162) × 6
W = 5.33 рдХिрд▓ो


3. рд╕्рдЯिрд░рдк्рд╕рд╕ाрдаी рд▓ांрдмीрдЪे рд╕ूрдд्рд░ (Length of Stirrup)

рд╕्рдЯिрд░рдк्рд╕ рдо्рд╣рдгрдЬे рдХॉрд▓рдо рдХिंрд╡ा рдмीрдордордз्рдпे рдмाрд░ рдмांрдзрдг्рдпाрд╕ाрдаी рд╡ाрдкрд░рд▓े рдЬाрдгाрд░े рдЪौрдХोрдиी рдХिंрд╡ा рдЖрдпрддाрдХृрддी рдлॉрд░्рдо.

L = 2 × (Length + Breadth) + 2 × Hook Length - Bend Deductions

  • Bend Deductions: рдмाрд░ рд╡рд│рд╡рд▓्рдпाрдоुрд│े рдХрдоी рд╣ोрдгाрд▒्рдпा рд▓ांрдмीрдЪी рдХрдкाрдд рдХेрд▓ी рдЬाрддे. рд╕ाрдзाрд░рдгрддः рдк्рд░рдд्рдпेрдХ 90° рд╡рд│рдгाрд╕ाрдаी 2d рдХрдкाрдд рдХेрд▓ी рдЬाрддे (d = рдмाрд░рдЪा рд╡्рдпाрд╕).

4. рдмेंрдбрдЪे рдХрдкाрдд рд╕ूрдд्рд░ (Bend Deduction)

рдмेंрдб рдХрд░рддाрдиा рдмाрд░рдЪी рдХाрд╣ी рд▓ांрдмी рдХрдоी рд╣ोрддे. рдпाрд╕ाрдаी рдкुрдвीрд▓ рдоाрдирдХ рд╡ाрдкрд░рд▓े рдЬाрддे:

  • 45° Bend: 0.314 × D
  • 90° Bend: 2D
  • 135° Bend: 3D

5. рд╣ुрдХрдЪी рд▓ांрдмी (Hook Length)

рд╣ुрдХрдЪी рд▓ांрдмी рдоोрдЬрдг्рдпाрд╕ाрдаी:

Hook Length = 9D
рдЗрдеे D рдо्рд╣рдгрдЬे рдмाрд░рдЪा рд╡्рдпाрд╕ рдЖрд╣े.


6. рдХ्рд╖ेрдд्рд░рдлрд│ рдоोрдЬрдг्рдпाрд╕ाрдаी (Steel Requirement)

рдмांрдзрдХाрдоाрд╕ाрдаी рд▓ाрдЧрдгाрд▒्рдпा рд╕्рдЯीрд▓рдЪे рдк्рд░рдоाрдг (Area of Steel) рдоोрдЬрдг्рдпाрд╕ाрдаी:

A = (╧А/4) × D² × N

  • A: рдПрдХूрдг рдХ्рд╖ेрдд्рд░рдлрд│ (mm² рдордз्рдпे)
  • D: рдмाрд░рдЪा рд╡्рдпाрд╕ (рдоिрдоी)
  • N: рдмाрд░рдЪी рд╕ंрдЦ्рдпा

рдмाрд░ рдмेंрдбिंрдЧ рд╢ेрдб्рдпूрд▓ рддрдпाрд░ рдХрд░рдг्рдпाрдЪे рдлाрдпрджे

  1. рд╕्рдЯ्рд░рдХ्рдЪрд░рд▓ рдЕрдЪूрдХрддा: рд╕्рдЯ्рд░рдХ्рдЪрд░рд▓ рд░ेрдЦाрдЯрдиाрдордз्рдпे рджिрд▓ेрд▓े рдмाрд░рдЪे рдбिрдЯेрд▓्рд╕ рд╡्рдпрд╡рд╕्рдеिрдд рдиोंрджрд╡рд▓े рдЬाрддाрдд.
  2. рд╡ेрд│ рд╡ाрдЪрддो: рдХाрдоाрдЪ्рдпा рд╕ुрд░ुрд╡ाрддीрд▓ा BBS рддрдпाрд░ рдХेрд▓्рдпाрд╕ рд╕ाрд╣िрдд्рдп рдоोрдЬрдг्рдпाрдд рдЖрдгि рд╡्рдпрд╡рд╕्рдеाрдкрдиाрдд рд╡ेрд│ рд╡ाрдЪрддो.
  3. рд╕ाрд╣िрдд्рдп рд╡ाрдЪрддे: рдЕрдЪूрдХ рдоोрдЬрдоाрдкांрдоुрд│े рд╕्рдЯीрд▓рдЪा рдЕрдкрд╡्рдпрдп рдХрдоी рд╣ोрддो.
  4. рдХाрдоाрдЪ्рдпा рдЦрд░्рдЪाрд╡рд░ рдиिрдпंрдд्рд░рдг: рд╕्рдЯीрд▓рдЪ्рдпा рдЕрдЪूрдХ рдЧрдгрдиेрд╕рд╣ рдЦрд░्рдЪाрдЪे рдпोрдЧ्рдп рдиिрдпोрдЬрди рдХрд░рддा рдпेрддे.

рдиिрд╖्рдХрд░्рд╖

рдмाрд░ рдмेंрдбिंрдЧ рд╢ेрдб्рдпूрд▓ рддрдпाрд░ рдХрд░рдгे рд╣ी рдПрдХ рдорд╣рдд्рдд्рд╡ाрдЪी рдкрдж्рдзрдд рдЖрд╣े рдЬी рдЕрдЪूрдХ рдЧрдгिрддे, рд╕्рдЯ्рд░рдХ्рдЪрд░рд▓ рдбिрдЭाрдЗрди рд╕рдордЬрдгे, рдЖрдгि рд╡ेрд│ рд╡ाрдЪрд╡рдг्рдпाрдЪ्рдпा рджृрд╖्рдЯीрдиे рдЦूрдк рдЙрдкрдпुрдХ्рдд рдЖрд╣े. рд╡рд░ीрд▓ рдоूрд▓рднूрдд рд╕ूрдд्рд░ांрдЪा рдЙрдкрдпोрдЧ рдХрд░ूрди рддुрдо्рд╣ी рдХोрдгрдд्рдпाрд╣ी рдк्рд░рдХाрд░рдЪ्рдпा рд╕्рдЯ्рд░рдХ्рдЪрд░рдЪे рдмाрд░ рдмेंрдбिंрдЧ рд╢ेрдб्рдпूрд▓ рддрдпाрд░ рдХрд░ू рд╢рдХрддा.

рдЬрд░ рддुрдо्рд╣ाрд▓ा рдмाрд░ рдмेंрдбिंрдЧ рд╢ेрдб्рдпूрд▓ рдХрд╕े рддрдпाрд░ рдХрд░ाрдпрдЪे рдпाрд╡рд░ рдк्рд░ॅрдХ्рдЯिрдХрд▓ рдоाрд░्рдЧрджрд░्рд╢рди рд╣рд╡े рдЕрд╕ेрд▓, рддрд░ рддुрдордЪ्рдпा рдЧрд░рдЬेрдиुрд╕ाрд░ рдЖрдо्рд╣ी рд╡िрд╢ेрд╖ рдоाрд░्рдЧрджрд░्рд╢рди рджेрдг्рдпाрд╕ рддрдпाрд░ рдЖрд╣ोрдд.

рддुрдордЪ्рдпा рдЕрднिрдк्рд░ाрдпाрд╕ाрдаी рдХрдоेंрдЯ рдХрд░ा рдЖрдгि рдм्рд▓ॉрдЧ рдЖрд╡рдбрд▓ा рдЕрд╕ेрд▓ рддрд░ рд╢ेрдЕрд░ рдХрд░ा!

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