Jatayu Sculpture in Kerala – World’s Largest Bird Statue & a Masterpiece of Engineering by Rajiv Anchal

Construction Challenges, Materials Used & Lessons for Civil Engineers

Introduction

India’s pride, the Jatayu Earth Center in Kerala, is home to the world’s largest bird sculpture. More than just a tourist destination, it’s a marvel of modern construction and civil engineering. Created by Indian sculptor Rajiv Anchal, this 200-foot-long structure honors the mythological bird Jatayu from the Ramayana and showcases how art meets engineering.

This blog explores the construction techniques, materials, and challenges behind the project—perfect for civil engineers, architecture students, and construction enthusiasts.

📍 Project Overview

Name: Jatayu Sculpture
Location: Jatayu Earth’s Center, Chadayamangalam, Kollam, Kerala
Creator: Rajiv Anchal – a renowned filmmaker, sculptor, and visionary behind the design
Dimensions:
- Length: 200 feet (61 m)
- Width: 150 feet (46 m)
- Height: 70 feet (21 m)
- Built-up area: 15,000 sq. ft

🛠️ Construction Highlights

1. Materials Used

Reinforced Concrete for structural body
Steel framework for support and skeleton
FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer) for detailed textures (feathers, eyes, claws)
Weatherproof coatings for durability in Kerala's humid climate

2. Foundation & Stability

Built atop a rocky hill 1,000 ft above sea level
Deep anchoring and soil stabilization techniques used
Engineered to withstand earthquakes and heavy rainfall

3. Architectural Design & Planning

3D modeling and CAD used to design the entire sculpture
Sculpted in parts, then assembled on-site
Special care taken for ventilation, rainwater management, and load distribution

🌿 Sustainable & Eco-Friendly Aspects

Over 60% of the natural terrain preserved
Solar panels, rainwater harvesting, and cable car access installed
Focus on green tourism and natural aesthetics

📐 Lessons for Engineers & Architects

This project serves as a case study for civil engineering students:

✔️ Integration of artistic vision with engineering precision
✔️ Use of modern materials like FRP and reinforced concrete
✔️ Challenges of construction on elevated, rocky terrain
✔️ Importance of interdisciplinary teamwork – sculptors, structural engineers, environmentalists
✔️ Real-life application of CAD, soil mechanics, and waterproofing

🏗️ Relevance to Today’s Engineers

Whether you’re constructing a bridge or a statue, understanding structural design, safety norms, and creative execution is essential. The Jatayu sculpture is a perfect blend of inspiration and engineering excellence.

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🙏 Final Thoughts

The Jatayu sculpture by Rajiv Anchal is not just the largest bird statue in the world, it’s a monument of safety, valor, and engineering brilliance. Let’s take inspiration from it and strive to build structures that are meaningful, sustainable, and technically sound.

🦅 Jatayu fought for truth in mythology—today, let us fight for quality in construction.

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Flight AI-171 Crash Near Medical College: Time to Rethink Airport Zone Building Rules

On June 12, 2025, India witnessed a heartbreaking aviation tragedy when Air India Flight AI-171, a Boeing 787 bound for London, crashed shortly after takeoff from Ahmedabad, falling into the Meghani Nagar residential area and impacting a doctor’s hostel of B.J. Medical College. The incident, which occurred around 1:39 PM IST, resulted in the loss of over 30 lives, with many others injured and several buildings severely damaged.

Our deepest condolences and prayers go out to the families of the victims and everyone affected by this unimaginable event. In such times, it's important to reflect not only on the loss but also on how we can strengthen safety measures and urban planning—especially around sensitive areas like airports.

Why Airport Area Construction Needs Strict Regulation

Airports are high-risk zones due to constant air traffic and the possibility of takeoff/landing emergencies. Therefore, specific rules and regulations govern construction in the vicinity of airports to prevent obstructions, reduce hazards, and ensure safe aircraft operations.

Let’s understand the key points about building construction in airport zones.z

🏗️ What Are Airport Obstacle Limitation Surfaces (OLS)?

The Airport Authority of India (AAI) defines protected imaginary surfaces around every airport. These are called Obstacle Limitation Surfaces (OLS). Any construction within these surfaces must:

Not penetrate the defined height limits.
Be pre-approved by AAI and DGCA.
Follow strict zoning and clearance regulations.

📏 Height Limits Near Airports

The height restriction is determined based on:

Distance from the runway centerline.
Elevation of the terrain.
The type and category of airport operations (instrumental or visual).

Here’s a simplified guide:

Distance from Airport Boundary	Maximum Building Height Allowed (Approx.)
0–2 km	15–20 meters
2–4 km	20–30 meters
4–6 km	30–45 meters
Beyond 6 km	Subject to NOC and site-specific analysis

Important: These limits vary based on the airport’s runway, elevation, and flight path. A detailed NOC (No Objection Certificate) from AAI is mandatory before constructing any structure around an airport.

📝 Types of Buildings Allowed in Airport Zones

Generally permitted:

Residential buildings (low-rise, NOC-approved).
Hospitals and hostels, with proper NOC and within height limits.
Educational institutions with planning permissions.

Not permitted or heavily restricted:

Tall structures like high-rises or towers.
Chimneys, communication masts, water tanks unless below OLS limits.
Buildings that emit smoke or reflect light, which can interfere with aircraft.

🛑 Common Violations

Constructing without height clearance from AAI.
Unauthorized vertical expansion of existing structures.
Ignoring the Flight Funnel Zone, the direct path of takeoff/landing.

Violating these can not only cause penalties but also increase the risk of accidents, as tragically observed in today’s crash.

🛬 Lessons from the Ahmedabad Incident

While the official investigation is still underway, the preliminary reports indicate the aircraft lost control shortly after takeoff. The impact in a densely populated, NOC-sensitive zone like Meghani Nagar raises serious concerns:

Were the buildings in the crash path within approved limits?
Were there safety buffers around the runway corridor?
Are current urban constructions adhering to airport safety zones?

As citizens, engineers, planners, and officials, this is a wake-up call to enforce zoning regulations strictly and educate developers on the importance of respecting aviation safety zones.

🙏 A Final Word

This tragedy has reminded us how close aviation safety and urban planning are linked. As we mourn the lives lost and support those affected, let us also commit to:

Building safer cities.
Following every rule, however inconvenient it may seem.
Raising awareness about airport zone regulations among contractors, architects, and the public.

Let safety, not convenience, guide our next steps.

🕯️ In memory of the victims of the Air India AI-171 crash — June 12, 2025.
🙏 May their souls rest in peace. We stand with their families in this time of sorrow.

Important IS Codes and Clauses for Bar Bending Schedule (BBS) Calculations

🧱 Why IS Codes Are Important in Bar Bending Schedule?

In construction, accurate steel quantity estimation is crucial. Bar Bending Schedule (BBS) helps in calculating cutting lengths, bending angles, and weight of reinforcement bars. To ensure accuracy and standardization, engineers rely on Indian Standard (IS) Codes issued by BIS.

Let’s look at the essential IS codes and specific clauses that guide us during BBS preparation.

📘 1. IS 2502:1963 – Code of Practice for Bending and Fixing of Bars for Concrete Reinforcement

✅ This is the most important IS code for BBS.

🔹 Key Clauses:

Clause 3.1 – Shape and dimensions of bars
Clause 5.2 – Method of measuring length of bent bars
Clause 5.3 – Allowances for bends, hooks, cranks, and laps

🔹 What You Learn:

Bar shape codes (like L, U, S, crank)
Standard bending radius
Hook lengths (e.g. 9D for 90°, 12D for 135° bends)
Cutting length calculation formulas

📘 2. IS 456:2000 – Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete

✅ Used for general reinforcement guidelines.

🔹 Useful Clauses:

Clause 26.2.5.1 – Minimum anchorage length
Clause 26.2.3.2 – Curtailment of bars
Clause 26.2.5.2 – Development length formula (Ld = ϕσs / 4τbd)

🔹 Importance:

Helps determine bar curtailment, spacing, and anchorage
Ensures structural safety in detailing

📘 3. SP 34:1987 – Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement and Detailing

📘 Reference Book used for real-site detailing examples

🔹 Key Takeaways:

Standard reinforcement detailing practices
Bar bending shapes with codes and diagrams
Sample BBS tables

📘 4. IS 13920:2016 – Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures

🏢 Essential for seismic zone design

🔹 Relevant Clauses:

Clause 6 – Beam detailing
Clause 7 – Column detailing
Clause 8 – Beam-column joint
Special anchorage and lap lengths under seismic loads

📘 5. IS 1786:2008 – Specification for High Strength Deformed Steel Bars

✅ Covers Fe415, Fe500, Fe550 etc.

🔹 Why It Matters:

Know the grade of steel you’re using
Standard yield strength values used in BBS calculations

🧮 Common Bar Bending Schedule Formulas (As per IS 2502)

Shape	Formula
Hook (90°)	L = 9 × dia
Hook (135°)	L = 12 × dia
Crank Bar	L = inclined length + 2 × extra for bend (0.42H)
Chair Bar	L = vertical + 2 × bends + leg length
Stirrups	Perimeter – (deductions for bends) + hook length

💡 Pro Tip for Students & Contractors

Keep a printed copy of IS 2502 and SP 34 at your site office.
It helps reduce wastage and mistakes in steel cutting and bending.

📌 Final Thoughts

If you're a student, site engineer, or new contractor, these IS codes are your foundation for accurate reinforcement work. Understanding them is not just for exams — it's a must-have skill on real sites.

🎥 Want to Learn BBS Practically?

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Use of Thermoplastic in Road Marking, Explained.

🛣️ Use of Thermoplastic in Road Marking – Explained!

In modern road construction and maintenance, thermoplastic road marking has become a preferred choice due to its durability, visibility, and long-term cost efficiency. Let’s understand what thermoplastic is and why it’s widely used on highways and roads.

✅ What is Thermoplastic?

Thermoplastic road marking paint is a type of material that is heated to around 200°C and applied hot to the road surface. As it cools down, it hardens and forms a durable and reflective coating. It often contains glass beads and titanium dioxide for visibility and brightness.

🚧 Why is Thermoplastic Used in Road Markings?

Here are the top reasons:

1️⃣ High Durability

Thermoplastic markings can withstand heavy traffic, rain, heat, and dust. Unlike normal paint, they do not fade or wear off easily, making them ideal for high-traffic roads and highways.

2️⃣ Reflectivity at Night

It includes retro-reflective glass beads that reflect headlights, making the road markings visible even at night or in low light conditions.

3️⃣ Quick Setting Time

Once applied, thermoplastic hardens in a few minutes, reducing the time needed to block roads for maintenance.

4️⃣ Anti-Skid Properties

Additives can be mixed to make the surface non-slippery, improving safety for vehicles and pedestrians.

5️⃣ Weather Resistance

Whether it’s intense heat or monsoon, thermoplastic stays intact for longer, reducing the need for frequent re-application.

6️⃣ Eco-Friendly & Low Maintenance

It is free of harmful solvents and requires minimal maintenance once applied properly.

📍 Where is Thermoplastic Used?

Center lines and lane dividers
Zebra crossings and stop lines
Arrows and directional signs
Speed breakers and school zones
Symbols for cycling lanes and parking areas

🔧 How is it Applied?

Road surface is cleaned and primed.
Thermoplastic is heated to 180–200°C in a special machine.
It is poured or sprayed in required shapes.
Glass beads are sprinkled or pre-mixed for reflectivity.
It hardens quickly upon cooling.

📽️ Watch & Learn More!

🎥 Subscribe to My YouTube Channel for a full video on how thermoplastic road markings are applied on-site. Learn with visuals, machines, and site demonstrations!

📢 Final Words

Thermoplastic is not just a marking paint—it’s a smart investment for safer roads and long-lasting visibility. Civil engineers, contractors, and students must understand its applications and advantages in real projects.

How to Become a Civil Contractor After Diploma or ITI – A Complete Guide

So, you’ve completed your Diploma or ITI in Civil Engineering, and you're wondering:

“What’s next?”
“Should I search for a job… or start my own construction work?”

If you’ve ever dreamed of running your own construction site, hiring your own team, and making a name in the real estate world—then becoming a civil contractor might be the perfect path for you!

In this post, I’ll guide you through:

What a civil contractor does
The step-by-step process to start your career
Licenses and documents you need
Skills and tools that will help you grow faster

And yes – you can start right after Diploma or ITI!

🏗️ Who is a Civil Contractor?

A civil contractor is someone who:

Takes up building construction or infrastructure work
Manages labor, materials, and site operations
Deals with clients, architects, engineers, and suppliers
Delivers the project as per drawing and schedule

You’re not just a site worker—you’re the boss who runs the show!

📈 Step-by-Step: How to Become a Civil Contractor

1. Gain Site Experience (6 Months to 1 Year)

Start working under an experienced contractor or engineer. Learn:

How work happens on site
How materials are ordered
How labor is handled
How estimation is done

✅ Tip: Learn how to read a plan and prepare a measurement book (MB).

2. Register Your Contractor License

Apply for a Contractor License at your local PWD / Municipal Office / Zilla Parishad.

Documents usually required:

Aadhar Card & PAN Card
Qualification Certificate (Diploma/ITI)
Passport size photo
Work experience certificate (if asked)
Bank passbook or cancelled cheque

✅ Some states allow direct registration for Class III or IV works (up to ₹10 lakh).

3. Start with Small Projects

Look for:

House repair work
Compound walls
Drainage / soak pit / flooring
Small bungalows or row houses

Even if you don’t get government work at the start, private work will build your confidence and portfolio.

4. Learn Estimation, Billing & Site Management

The biggest mistake new contractors make? No planning, no costing.

Learn to:

Make BOQ (Bill of Quantities)
Use Excel to track materials and cost
Make site reports, MBs, and contractor bills

🎥 I teach all this on my YouTube channel.
👉 Subscribe and Start Learning Today!

5. Build Your Network

Connect with:

Engineers and Architects
Local suppliers (cement, steel, bricks)
Labour contractors
Site supervisors

🔗 Relationships are more valuable than rates!

6. Keep Learning & Upskilling

Many successful contractors today started from Diploma/ITI. But they kept learning:

AutoCAD, Excel, Estimation
Bar Bending Schedule (BBS)
Billing Formats for Govt Projects
Basic Legal/Contractual knowledge

👉 Check out my training programs for new contractors

🎓 Bonus: Career Roadmap from Diploma to Contractor

Diploma / ITI 🡒 Site Work (6 Months) 🡒 Contractor License 🡒 Private Work 🡒 Govt Work 🡒 Grow Team 🡒 Class 2/Class 1 Contractor

You can grow your career without going for B.E. or M.Tech if you’re focused and skilled.

📥 Download Free Contractor Startup Kit

✅ Sample Daily Report Format
✅ Sample Estimation Sheet (Excel)
✅ Checklist of Documents for Contractor License

👉 Download Now

🔔 Join 306+ Future Contractors!

If you liked this guide and want more civil engineering tips in simple Marathi and English, then:

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Site execution work
Estimation tips
Daily contractor life
Real site visits and demo projects

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अशेवाडी पॉइंट – महाराष्ट्रातील ब्रिटिशांनी चिन्हांकित केलेला महत्त्वाचा वॉटरशेड पॉइंट

🌊 अशेवाडी पॉइंट – महाराष्ट्रातील ब्रिटिशांनी चिन्हांकित केलेला महत्त्वाचा वॉटरशेड पॉइंट

महाराष्ट्रातील अशेवाडी पॉइंट (Ashewadi Point) हा एक ऐतिहासिक आणि भूगोलशास्त्रीयदृष्ट्या महत्त्वाचा वॉटरशेड पॉइंट आहे, जो ब्रिटिशांनी त्यांच्या प्रशासकीय आणि रेल्वे प्रकल्पांसाठी चिन्हांकित केला होता. हा पॉइंट पश्चिम घाटातील (सह्याद्री रांग) कसारा घाटाच्या जवळ स्थित आहे आणि महाराष्ट्रातील दोन प्रमुख जलविभागांचे विभाजन करते.

📍 अशेवाडी पॉइंट कुठे आहे?

स्थान: कसारा घाटाजवळ, मुंबईच्या ईशान्येस सुमारे 60 किमी अंतरावर.
अक्षांश-रेखांश: अंदाजे 19.67° N, 73.52° E
उंची: समुद्रसपाटीपासून सुमारे 585 मीटर

🌊 अशेवाडी पॉइंटचे विशेषत्व

हा पॉइंट महाराष्ट्रातील प्रमुख जलविभागांचा (watershed) विभाजन बिंदू आहे.
पूर्वेकडील पर्जन्य (पाऊस) आणि प्रवाह:
- गोदावरी नदीच्या खोऱ्यात वाहतो आणि पुढे बंगालच्या उपसागरात विलीन होतो.
पश्चिमेकडील पर्जन्य (पाऊस) आणि प्रवाह:
- उल्हास नदीच्या खोऱ्यात वाहतो आणि पुढे अरबी समुद्रात विलीन होतो.

✅ ब्रिटिशांनी हा पॉइंट रेल्वे मार्गांचे नियोजन आणि पर्जन्य प्रवाहाच्या अभ्यासासाठी नोंदवला होता.

🏞️ इतिहास आणि पार्श्वभूमी

19व्या शतकात ब्रिटिशांनी भारतात रेल्वे मार्गांचे जाळे उभारण्यासाठी मोठ्या प्रमाणावर भूगोलशास्त्रीय सर्वेक्षणे केली.
मुंबई-ठाणे-कल्याण रेल्वे मार्ग उभारताना, ब्रिटिश अभियंत्यांनी कसारा घाटातील कठीण भूभाग पार करण्यासाठी अशेवाडी पॉइंट हा जलविभाजनाचा (watershed) मुख्य बिंदू म्हणून ओळखला.
यामुळे रेल्वे मार्गाची उंची, ढाल आणि पर्जन्य प्रवाह समजून घेण्यास मदत झाली.

🌾 अशेवाडी पॉइंटमुळे प्रभावित नद्यांचे प्रवाह:

1. पश्चिमवाहिनी नद्या (अरबी समुद्राकडे)

उल्हास नदी – ठाणे खाडीमार्गे अरबी समुद्रात विलीन
वैतरणा नदी – अरबी समुद्रात विलीन

2. पूर्ववाहिनी नद्या (बंगालच्या उपसागराकडे)

गोदावरी नदी – बंगालच्या उपसागरात विलीन
भीमा नदी – कृष्णा नदीत विलीन होऊन बंगालच्या उपसागरात विलीन

🚂 कसारा घाट आणि अशेवाडी पॉइंटचे रेल्वे महत्त्व

कसारा घाट (Kasara Ghat) हा पश्चिम घाटातील एक प्रमुख घाट आहे, जो मुंबई-नाशिक दरम्यान वाहतूकसुविधा पुरवतो.
ब्रिटिशांनी मुंबई-ठाणे-नाशिक रेल्वे मार्ग उभारताना या घाटातील भूगोल आणि पर्जन्य प्रवाह समजून घेण्यासाठी अशेवाडी पॉइंट ओळखला.
रेल्वे मार्गाची उंची आणि उतार ठरवताना, या पॉइंटच्या पर्जन्य प्रवाहाच्या दिशेचा विचार करण्यात आला होता.

🌄 भौगोलिक आणि जलसंपत्ती व्यवस्थापनातील भूमिका

अशेवाडी पॉइंट महाराष्ट्रातील जलविभाजन बिंदू असल्यामुळे जलसंपत्ती व्यवस्थापनात याचा मोठा उपयोग होतो.
पश्चिमेकडील नद्या: महाराष्ट्रातील पर्जन्य आणि पाण्याचा मोठा हिस्सा अरबी समुद्रात वाहून जातो.
पूर्वेकडील नद्या: गोदावरी आणि तिच्या उपनद्यांमुळे महाराष्ट्रातील अनेक भागांत सिंचनासाठी पाणीपुरवठा होतो.

🗺️ अशेवाडी पॉइंट आणि पर्यावरणीय परिणाम

या पॉइंटवरील जलविभाजनामुळे पर्जन्य पाण्याचे नैसर्गिक संतुलन राखले जाते.
गावकऱ्यांसाठी:
- पाण्याचा नैसर्गिक प्रवाह आणि भूजल पुनर्भरण समजून घेऊन जलसंधारण प्रकल्प राबवले जातात.
पर्यावरणीय संवेदनशीलता:
- पश्चिम घाटातील ही परिसंस्था जैवविविधतेने समृद्ध असून तिचे संवर्धन आवश्यक आहे.

🌊 अशेवाडी पॉइंटचे महत्त्व:

✅ ब्रिटिशांकडून चिन्हांकित: ब्रिटिश अभियंत्यांनी जलप्रवाह अभ्यासासाठी हा पॉइंट नोंदवला.
✅ जलविभाजन बिंदू: दोन मोठ्या नदी प्रणाल्यांचे विभाजन.
✅ रेल्वे मार्गासाठी उपयुक्त: मुंबई-नाशिक मार्गावरील रेल्वे बांधणीसाठी महत्त्वाचा संदर्भ बिंदू.

🎯 निष्कर्ष:

अशेवाडी पॉइंट हा महाराष्ट्रातील एक ऐतिहासिक आणि भौगोलिक दृष्टिकोनातून महत्त्वाचा जलविभाजन बिंदू आहे. ब्रिटिशांनी या पॉइंटचा वापर पर्जन्य प्रवाह आणि भूगोलशास्त्रीय सर्वेक्षणांसाठी केला. आजही जलसंपत्ती व्यवस्थापन आणि पर्यावरणीय संतुलनासाठी अशेवाडी पॉइंट महत्त्वाची भूमिका बजावतो.

📢 तुम्हाला हा लेख उपयुक्त वाटला असेल, तर अधिक माहितीसाठी माझ्या ब्लॉगला भेट द्या आणि तुमचे मत शेअर करा!
📚 सिव्हिल अभियांत्रिकी आणि बांधकाम तंत्रज्ञानावरील माझ्या यूट्यूब चॅनेलला नक्कीच सबस्क्राईब करा! 🎥

टॅग्स:
#AshewadiPoint #WatershedDivide #MaharashtraGeography #KasaraGhat #CivilEngineering #WaterManagement #WesternGhats #SahyadriRivers #GodavariBasin #UlhasBasin

How to Use a Leveling Instrument for Land Surveying?

A leveling instrument is a vital tool in surveying and construction used to determine height differences and establish level points. It ensures accurate alignment in construction projects. Let's learn how to use it step by step.

Types of Leveling Instruments

Dumpy Level – A traditional and commonly used instrument with a fixed telescope that provides high accuracy.
Auto Level – A self-leveling instrument that automatically adjusts to a horizontal position for quick and precise measurements.
Tilting Level – Allows tilting of the telescope to make precise adjustments, used for more complex surveying tasks.

4. Digital Level – A modern instrument with an electronic display for automatic height and distance measurements.

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Parts of a Leveling Instrument

Telescope – Used to view the leveling staff.
Leveling Screws – Adjust the level of the instrument.
Circular Bubble (Spirit Level) – Ensures the instrument is perfectly horizontal.
Tripod Stand – Provides support and stability.
Focusing Knob – Sharpens the view for accurate readings.
Eyepiece – Used to view the scale on the leveling staff.

Step-by-Step Guide to Using a Leveling Instrument

1. Setting Up the Instrument

Place the tripod on firm ground and spread its legs equally.
Fix the leveling instrument on top and tighten it securely.

2. Leveling the Instrument

Adjust the leveling screws to make the bubble in the circular spirit level come to the center.
Keep checking and adjusting until it is perfectly level.

3. Taking a Measurement

Position the leveling staff on the point where height needs to be measured.
Look through the eyepiece and adjust the focusing knob for a clear view.
Read the staff measurement at the center crosshair line.

4. Recording the Readings

Note the reading from the staff.
Move to the next point and repeat the process.
Calculate the difference between readings to determine height variations.

Tips for Accurate Leveling

Always place the instrument on stable ground.
Ensure the tripod and leveling instrument are securely fixed.
Do not disturb the instrument once it is set and leveled.
Take readings carefully to avoid errors.

Conclusion

Using a leveling instrument correctly ensures accurate height measurements in construction and surveying. With practice, you can efficiently use it to check levels and maintain precision on-site. Try it out and enhance your skills!